The muscles in our limbs are split into sections or ‘compartments’ bound by strong and relatively unyielding membranes of fibrous tissue (deep fascia), which also attach to bone, in effect wrapping up the different muscle groups. Every compartment has a blood and nerve supply.
Compartment syndrome arises when the pressure inside this enclosed space increases to the point where it interferes with the blood supply to the structures. A cascade of injury follows, with disruption to the metabolic processes of the muscle, cell death and leakage of fluid from capillaries, which further increases the excessive pressure.
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