In soccer (or football as we call it on our side of the Atlantic), goals, fouls, offsides, etc are credited / given / whatever only when witnessed by the referee or assistant referees. This means as far as the rule is concerned, the definition of a goal is NOT whether the ball has gone into the goal net or not, BUT whether the ball is witnessed to have gone into the net by the referee. These are conceptually two different things.
I understand under rotations, wrong edge take off, rotation count in spins, etc in figure skating is the same. It doesn't matter whether a skater has actually taken off from the wrong edge or not, but whether the technical panel has seen he/she has taken off from the wrong edge or not is what matters. As long as the same rule is applied to all skaters participating the competition, then it is considered to be a fair rule. (I heard the technical panel hold a meeting before the competition to agree on the criteria of under rotation for the competition. So the same criteria is applied to all participating skaters of the event. This is, I believe, one of the reasons why comparing scores from different competitions is sometimes futile.)
In soccer, video replay is not allowed and the referee is prohibited from overturning his / her decision even though it is proven to be wrong afterwards. This of course causes a huge controversy sometimes - for example in the last year's World Cup Final, the ball kicked by an England's player did physically go into the German goal net, but the goal was not credited because the referee failed to see it. But the scene was filmed by the camera and shown in the stadium's enormous screen live. The spectators saw it, the players saw it, but they could not do anything about it because the only one person who matters, the referee, did not see it with his own eyes. Crap. But that is a sport for you. The rule is the rule. Accepting the rules and following them is the very first step in any kind of sports.