Unfortunately, there isn't one easy place online to find the patterns or videos of the standard US moves in the field tests.
This link will give you links to all the test forms, which give you the names of the moves and verbal descriptions:
http://www.usfigureskating.org/membernews.asp?id=248&sid=20822
If you want to find all the patterns, you'd have to hunt for some website that happens to have them posted.
Or buy a rulebook.
The forms for the dance tests at the link above do include patterns.
This link includes videos of the moves that are on the adult versions of the tests:
http://www.usfigureskating.org/Programs.asp?id=316
On the four adult tests, they incorporate moves from the first five standard tests, so most but not all of the prepreliminary through intermediate moves are included, and they're grouped differently than on the standard tests. There's one move that exists only on an adult test and not on any of the standard tests.
None of the novice, junior, or senior moves are at that link.
You could search youtube or elsewhere online for "novice moves in the field" or the name of a specific move, etc. What you would most likely find is regular kids showing off the current state of their skating progress. Don't expect them to look like elite skaters.
Keep in mind also that abbreviations and colloquialisms within the skating community are also common.
The last test on the senior moves in the field test is officially known as the Quick Edge Step. Basically, it's a fairly complex circular step sequence to be performed in both directions and contains at least one of all the different kinds of turns, including choctaws. Like mskater93, many skaters, coaches, judges, etc. refer to it casually as the senior quick step. It is not the same pattern as the compulsory dance known as the Quickstep (which also contains choctaws).
If you really want to know about the nitty-gritty details of skating technique, you'd need to spend time in rinks, watching practice sessions and test sessions or better yet getting on the ice and doing it yourself.
Many skating clubs would not be happy about strangers just showing up and watching the kids, and if you don't already know what's what, you won't learn the names of the moves or which moves go with which tests.
This kind of information is not a secret, but it's an oral tradition -- information more easily shared in person, with demonstrations on the ice, than in writing. More accessible to participants than to observers.
So if you're really interested, participate. Take lessons and ask your instructor to demonstrate some advanced moves you can't do yourself yet but that you want learn to recognize. Contact the nearest club and offer to volunteer as a monitor at their next test session or club competition.