My husband's developed after a blockage occurred in his leg (plaque? a blood clot?) following abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. He required 2 fasciotomies, not to mention 13 days in intensive care, and 63 days total in hospital. 10 years later, pain is still an issue.
I also understand that gunshot victims and motorcycle accident victims often develop the problem.
A friend of mine got it when she started a walking campaign to get healthy. It damaged her peroneal nerve; took over a year to completely recover. No one was able to explain to her why she suddenly had a problem.
The issue seems to start with trauma or the leg swelling, for whatever reason.
It is not only legs that can have compartment syndrome.