I'll do a
very simple guide, if you don't want learn all the terms by now, assuming that you have absolutely no idea about the jumps so I won't focus too much on edges, just for flip and lutz. The only things that is needed is being able to identify:
1. A bit of edges for flip and lutz,
2. Recognize a certain 'motion' that is needed for a jump. (loop and salchow)
3. Which leg the skater uses for the take off (to go for the jump) which one he uses to land it
4. You can differentiate by the "assistance" that people talked about, how the skater gets the impulse to launch for the jump using their other leg.
That's it and you're good to go if you only want to differentiate them and nothing more, after that you will learn more at your own peace.
So first,
about edges: the skater can be on his inside edge (interior of the blade), flat (evenly balanced on the blade), or outside edge (exterior of the blade) -->
here (as a detail, there's also forwad inside, back outside, back inside etc. forward = front of the blade/boot, back = back of the blade/boot)
The jumps:
Triple toe loop: Take off from the right leg, lands on the right leg. You can notice that she "kicks" the ice with the other leg (with her toe) to get the impulse. Thats what toe assistance means.
Triple Salchow: Take off from the left leg, lands on the right leg (you can identify the edges she uses if you want but you don't need to). The easiest way is just recognize the circular motion that the skaters uses to launch. Notice how she doesn't 'kick' the ice with her toe, she uses her edges to launch the jump.
Triple loop: Just one thing - "crossed legs", notice how the skater cross their legs to do it. No toe assistance too, like the salchow.
Triple flip: Take off from the
inside edge of the left leg, lands on the right one. Notice the edge of the take off, keep watching the left leg, see how she's on the interior of the blade. It's really important to differentiate from the lutz. When skaters "lip" is because they are setting up for the jump using their leg at the front on the inside edge but right before they do it they change for the outside edge and launch. With toe pick assistance, notice the right leg on the take off and how she kicks the ice with it.
Triple Lutz: Similar to the flip, difference is the edge. Take off from the
outside edge of the left foot, lands on the right one. With toe pick assistance too. When skaters '
flutz' is the opposite of the 'lip'. They want to do the lutz, they are setting up for it on the outside edge but right when they are going do do it they change for the inside and end up doing a flip.
Triple axel: Easisest one to differentiate because it's a forward take off, the skaters launch themselves in the air so they end up doing plus half of a rotation so it's 3.5.
Watch this
video, up until 0:01 he did half of a rotation, at 0:02 he did 1.5 rotation, at 0:03 2.5, then finally at 0:04 3.5 rotations.
Hopefully this is clear enough! If it isn't please tell me!