“ The smallest muscle gain instantly reflects in the jumping technique. ” Big interview with the physical exercise trainer from the group of Nina Moser.
An exhaustive figure skating guide by Vitaliy Moskalenko.
Vitaliy Moskalenko, a former track and field athlete and participant in the 2004 Olympics, has been working as a trainer in OFP, physical fitness training, in the group of Nina Moser for the past eight years. He was invited on purpose to the help Tat'yana Volosozhar - Maksim Trankov in 2012, and two years later the athletes became two-time Olympic Champions.
Other famous students of Moskalenko: Kseniya Stolbova - Fyodor Klimov, Vera Bazarova - Yuriy Larionov, Yevgeniya Tarasova - Vladimir Morozov, Natal'ya Zabiyako - Aleksander Enbert.
From this interview you will learn:
- Is it possible to be a top skater without doing general physical training
- How to create the illusion of ease gliding
- What will happen to the quadruple jumps in the women's singles if you raise the minimum age
- Why Russian male singles lose to Americans and Japanese
- How athletes' motivation is changing ahead of the Olympics
- Why athletes are silent about their injuries, and coaches do not believe them
- Is it possible to reduce the number of injuries
- What competitive advantage does knowledge of psychology give, and why is it used so little in Russia
“ I always tell my athletes - Training is lasting the whole day long, it doesn't end when you leave the ice or get home from the rink ”
-- Vitaliy, to begin with, let's clarify what general physical training gives to the skaters. The popular opinion is endurance, the ability not to "die" by the end of your skating run. Right?
- If you go deeper, there is a special training, not even physical, but functional. The main work is still carried out on ice - at certain times, athletes repeatedly skate out their program one after the other. There is a short break between runs, and then they again go to the program. That is, they haven't had time to relax, how to do it again. Thus, special endurance is gained.
-- What, then, is the meaning of OFP?
- To gain intermuscular coordination. When there are many movements, when the whole body is working, our body must control all the muscles. Only in this way the beauty and ease of skating is achieved. And OFP gives strength. If you look at the pair skaters, the same Tat'yana Volosozhar, each muscle is visible - on her back, on her legs, on her hands. Everything is drawn. She is like a string.
There is a culture of movement - a flat back, beautiful handwork. Someone is slouching, used to skate while looking at the ice, and in competitions you need to look at the judges and spectators. When the head is tilted down, the body also stretches down, and this is already ugly.
Look at gymnasts. They walk with a straight back up to 80 years old, already being grandmothers, like girls, is a habit. It is necessary to force the brain to follow the culture of movement in any exercise. Then you will stop noticing it, and everything will look one level higher. The one who listens and accepts this often becomes the best athlete.
-- Is it possible to be a top skater and not engage in the gym?
- In pair skating this is impossible, I say this from my responsibly. When foreigners come to me without any OFP, it can be seen from the results, and how they look on ice. At first it is very difficult for them, they simply are not adapted to such loads. My athletes are already used to it - after the ice off to the OFP, in addition to this choreography, there can be additional jump training on the ice. And if we are at the training camp, they do it all day.
If you take the OFP in the context of singles skaters, there is some ambiguity. I’ll just state my opinion. Most likely, many do not do physical fitness at this age, as the coach is afraid the'll break something. Girls are small, they are only developing, and it is better not to interfere with this development. A large number of hormones enter the bloodstream, the body grows, and the result grows every day. Someone is talented by nature, she is able to jump easily, including quadruples. And then you can not intervene, but only help a little.
And when someone, for reasons of a different path of development and constitution of their body, can't jump, and then you need to deal with it.
I now work a lot with singles, usually everyone comes for jumping class. This race for quadruples ... If the girls do not jump even triple, they cry, worry ...
-- Because without triples they can finish their careers?
- Yes, because their peers already jump quads, and someone without a triple ....
However, they are not necessarily weak physically. Much depends on who the children started to train with. If the trainer did not put the jump technique, did not explain how to work with her legs, to push off, - naturally, the child does not push off. Although there are children who do not even need to be educated, they push themselves correctly. There are a lot of nuances here, therefore, it cannot be said that everyone absolutely needs OFP or not. The talent of a trainer is to find the key to every child.
-- Is this possible in the general conditions of a large group in a sports school?
- When there is a large flow and there is plenty to choose from, of course, the coach won't think: “I will work on this, and the athlete will jump.” If here and now there is more good material - they will take it. Competition is created in the group, everyone is looking at each other. Stars are born in this competition. Maybe there is no need to give them a lot of physical fitness burden at this age. They do it by themselves.
At the same time, you can mark out a child today, and in 2-3 years it will overtake the one who previously showed better results.
It happens differently. Let's say a girl at the age of 15 jumps quadruples. And after 2-3 years, when the period of puberty begins, she will stop jumping - she will grow, temporarily lose coordination of movements.
A lot depends on how you distribute the loads. If the slightest muscle gain occurs, it instantly affects the technique of jumping and other elements. It takes time to get used to.
-- An example begs it. Aleksandra Trusova during the season has grown significantly and visually added in muscle mass. Could this affect the fact that she ceased to land quadruples steadily?
- Yes, she is growing. And I often came across this. Is so happened with the pair of Fyodorov - Miroshkin. While Lina was small, everything worked out for her. And when she began to grow and it became necessary to do serious elements, she was already inadequate due to physical conditions. Lina was required to jump, but at that moment she could not push off properly, so there were no jumps. The couple broke up, because all efforts did not lead to a result.
As a trainer, I have my vision and train of thoughts. I can say, I was born in sports, I've been here all my life. I see who works, and as a coach with an experienced eye, I understand what a person is capable of. Someone forces events in order to get the result earlier. Now many are striving for this - to have time to win. Not that it’s bad, just then you stop paying attention to important things, you do not give your child time to mature.
-- Raising the age limit would affect the situation?
- If you raise the age, over time, the girls who jump quadruples at 15 years old, will jump them at 18 years old. The body will adapt to the different weight, height, center of gravity. In order for the jumps to return, you may need to spend a year on them. But there is no time - as soon as you stopped jumping, you've lost your spot.
“ Many coaches think that when you train jumping every day, quadruples will appear by themselves ”
-- Are boys and girls training differently?
- Up to 12 years, girls develop faster than boys. It sometimes even gets ridiculous: girls sometimes carry 5 kg, which is hard for boys. However, after the first puberty, boys begin to catch up and get ahead. Training is different, a lot really depends on physiology.
-- Is there a difference in load between juniors and seniors?
- Work with seniors is more accurate. Responsible series one by one, and most importantly - trying not to harm. When I have been working with them for a long time, I already know how much time they need to recover from a particular load. I always try to find out what they have been doing on the ice so that I could adjust my load “in the dry hall”. To prevent messing up, for example when they've jumped, come to me, and I'll give them jumps again. It often happens that I have this job planned, and they come tired from the ice. Then I change the training plan and spend it facilitated so that tomorrow the athletes can go out in the best condition.
With the young you work in a different way. They recover faster. And even if tired, young people come to me, and I will give them the load according to the plan, they will digest it, get enough sleep at night and come back fresh in the morning.
But the main thing is the quality of the load. You can give little, but it will bring more benefits. Juniors generally perform their exercises anyway.
-- Should there be a balance between exercises for different muscle groups?
- If you give jumps today, tomorrow you shouldn’t even approach them at all - otherwise the body simply will not have time to absorb what has been learned.
I have a girl who jumps every day. I told her parents - well, this is wrong. For her mind, it takes at least 48 hours for the body to respond to the load. And they demand from her - work out according to the plan, everyone jumps, except you. Many trainers think that if you give jumps every day, children will start jumping quads by themselves. But this is untrue. Jumping 2 times a week is better than a daily repeat.
Our coaches are often illiterate, poorly educated. And then the athletes have to retrain the technique of jumping, skating. Maybe someone will take offense at me, but it's true.
Not everyone even knows about physiology. They give children up to 12 years old some crazy exercises, although they need to work only with their own weight in order to strengthen their ligaments.
-- How can the problems of inadequacy in children's trainers be fixed?
- At least they should wish to develop themselves. I do not consider myself an ideal, but I try to go to all the continuing education courses I'm called to attend.
-- In training, usually there is a lot of routine work. How to motivate athletes to perform this qualitatively?
- It is necessary to create conditions for them to be interested. I often went to Sirius (an educational center in Sochi. - “Match TV”), worked with children. If, for example, you put two in a pair and give the exercise in a playful way, then each individually will do it by 50 percent. And in a pair - 100 percent. Because there is competition, no one wants to show that he is weaker. Such a tricky move.
They like to work with objects - elastic bands, body bars, fitness balls. When you choose such a training, everyone works with pleasure. But there is also a necessary tedious job - static exercises. When without movement you strain certain muscle groups. Even adults do not like statics. You have to go through this, even if it’s boring.
Today, the sun is out, the mood is good, the athlete came to the gym and did everything. Tomorrow there will be clouds, a depressed state, hunting after sleep, but here it is necessary to work. Every day I choose a tactic depending on their condition and our goals. Sometimes you need to break yourself and work out to the maximum, even if you have no strength. Sometimes it’s different.
-- Are there problems with discipline in training?
- In Russia, yes. We have sports on state support, and athletes do not always take this responsibly. If someone came to me to be lazy - I do not hold back 'Leave, go sit in the corridor'.
In America, the skater knows that parents pay money for their lessons, or they even pays for themselves, and his motivation is higher. They literally look into your mouth. They work with full dedication. They are very respectful of specialists. For our young athletes, it seems that specialists hold no authority. Every time I have to deal with education.
Why, for example, our male singles loose to the Americans or the Japanese. See how they work in terms of motivation and bestowal. I always tell my athletes - the training lasts all day, it does not end with the exit from the gym or from the ice. And it's not about jumping or crouching all day. You just need to be aware of everything you do. To analyze what and how you have been doing, to understand what needs to be worked on further. Take books on psychology or motivation, read, develop. If you do not develop, another one develops, and he will ultimately beat you.
The older the skaters become, the more awareness comes to them, why all this is necessary. First, they skite as they are, and think nothing else is needed. And then they learn the difference between their form before OFP and after OFP. And then they come vy themselves, they say - we need this, let's go. This is a balm for the soul of a coach.
“ It is possible to pump your body to do five throws in training, but like a race car drive you need to keep a cool head so you can reach the finish line ”
-- How do the training plan and the competition schedule compare?
- During the preparatory period for the season, muscle mass always grows. We give the athletes loads, as if we are investing money in the bank in order to receive dividends. Then, during the season, the muscle mass goes away, the athlete comes to his competitive weight and shows the result that was sought from him.
A week before the start, we usually stop training in the gym, because the athlete begins to recover from the load and come to peak form. The difficulty is that this start is not the only one of the season, there are many of them. There is this main thing - you need to be in better shape for the next. All the rest is a wave-like approach to these peaks.
-- Is it realistic to take a new athlete and quickly improve his physical characteristics?
- It takes time for every new pair. Unfortunately, I had a negative experience. The dancers who have now won the European Championship (Sinitsina - Katsalapov. - “Match TV”). I was sent to Sochi to work with them. I’m telling them: I don’t know you, I don’t feel it yet, so let's start slowly, and then we'll see. As a result, on the second or third day, the partner aggravates an old injury. He's had surgery on one shoulder, we didn’t touch that one, we worked with him on the other shoulder, and it turns out to be the same problem. But I didn’t know that. In this regard, it is dangerous to take on new athletes.
The camp session, in general, went the wrong way. They completed it somehow and then we did not meet again. Although I warned everyone from the very beginning.
Athletes should tell the coach everything, especially the new ones. Were there injuries? Tell me right away. I have been in sports for so many years that I know how to recover from injuries. If I understand that something hurts, I build the training so that the problem is solved and even strengthen the weak spot.
-- Maybe they just got used to being silent about their injuries? To avoid problems, everyone prefers to appear healthy.
- Used to. Sometimes they will come to the coach complaining of pain, and he will send them back - go to work. When this happens once or twice, the situation worsens and leads to a real injury. The coach begins to lament: “Well, where were your eyes, why did you remain silent!” But the coach should have understood. There are freeloaders - those who abuse your confidence.
-- In an ideal world of sports, should health be an area of common responsibility?
- Yes. A trainer is a person who should not heal an injury, but prevent it. See a few steps ahead. It’s better to rest for a day or two if something really hurts, and then continue to work. But many people think: why skip, every day counts, endure. But it is better to skip two days than 3 weeks.
If athletes after each training session regularly took 10-15 minutes to stretch themselves, run and cools down, their injuries would decrease by 70-80%. But this advice passes them right by their ears, I have to remind them.
They also told us this in athletics. And then one day you decide to try, for a while you observe this rule and notice that there really are no injuries. There were, but now - not anymore. At this moment, the most important thing is not to relax. If there is no injury, then you are doing something right, continue that way.
-- As you approach the Olympics, is the nature of your work somehow changing?
- When the Olympic Games are ahead, it was always very easy and interesting for me to work. There was no need to persuade and force anyone. Whatever task I set for them, they all performed flawlessly. At one time it was possible to work individually with a couple, the other it was to work together, and such trainings are like a competition: who will do better, more, further.
People do not know what happens to athletes when they prepare for big starts. For example, Tanya Volosozhar before the Olympics was injured, twisted her leg. That happened 2 weeks before the Games on a throw. She came to me for training, and we worked on her feet. At the training camp in Krasnodar, they still thought whether she could even jump or not. Tanya as a person is very courageous, she'll pass any test. How many injuries ... and cuts, and bruises, and what just was not. This injury was also healed, the foot was taped, and she performed impeccably. There was not even a hint that something was hurting her.
-- You speak with such warmth about Volosozhar - Trankov. They will probably remain a special pair for you forever?
- This were my first pair, plus I worked with them for 4 years - the longest. Good warm relationship. When we meet, we communicate with pleasure.
-- Many team skaters spend every weekend in the sauna. What does this give them?
- The bathhouse is one of the restorative techniques, along with massage and leisurely swimming. Lactic acid leaves the muscles with sweat, and blood flows through the capillaries more easily. Plus it switches off your thoughts. Rest in general should be active. If you rest lying on the bed - you will not recover, but you will get tired even more.
-- Is it possible to quickly get in shape after a rest?
- The first week after the rest you need to work only in the gym, so that the general fitness coach will correctly prepare the ligaments. Then you can already release athletes on the ice and start doing throws and jumps.
A common mistake of many trainers is to immediately give a big load. After 2 days, everyone comes rewound - shoulder, elbow, knee, back. Because the ligaments after relaxation are relaxed and not ready, and at the same time they suffer first: the muscle tenses, it begins to twitch on the attachment of the ligaments. The efforts are great, but the structure is still weak. At this point, inflammation occurs.
I just see it more than once in figure skating. Watch handball, basketball. They are all taped togehter, not only because they are tall and heavy, but because they do not pay attention to the preparatory work.
-- It seemed to me that you pay a lot of attention to the psychological component of preparation. Am I correct?
- Psychology and physiology are closely related. You can’t go far in sports alone. Someone, for example, before the start, is pinched so much that his face is pale, his lips are blue. The man is afraid, the capillaries are contracted, the permeability in the muscles is lower, less oxygen is delivered to the cells. The result is usually disastrous. We also need to work on this. Success is half dependent on the psychological state.
I ask: what are you most afraid of when you go to the start? “I'm afraid to jump.” Why do you even think about it? You must be certain to jump. If you approach with this promise, you'll jump. And if you’re afraid, you most certainly won't jump.
Only those who work both on physics and psychology become Olympic champions. I compare this to Formula 1. The car may be the best, but if the drivers is uneducated, he will not be the first to arrive. So here it is: you can pump up you body, do five throws in training, but when you, in the driving seat, are weak in your head, you will not bring your car to the first place.
Another secret, so to speak, is the psychological work with an opponent. An example from athletics, when you come to the sector, having done your preparatory work, it will mentally affect your rivals. I often tell this to my students, they listen with big eyes and open mouth - can this really be done? Can. By acting on another, you suppress his will. Even if your opponent is stronger than you, he will begin to doubt himself when he sees your confidence. He will think - wow, this is a tough one.
In the West, this practice is very common. We are a rarity, as this is not accepted at system level, because many coaches themselves do not know this. With an understanding of psychology, the results would be higher. And without any doping.
DOSSIER “MATCH TV”
Vitaliy Moskalenko was born on July 31, 1974 in Ashgabat
From the age of 6 he began to engage in athletics at Ter-Avanesov with Yevgeniy Mikhailovich
Disciplines: triple jump, long jump. International Master of Sports
In 1997 he moved to Moscow with his coach, in 1999, for the first time became Champion of Russia
In 2003, he qualified for the World Championships, in 2004 - for the Olympic Games
In 2006, he completed his career by starting to work as a track and field coach. Several people under his leadership received the title of Master of Sports
In 2012, Vitaly was invited to work with figure skaters Tat'yana Volosozhar - Maksim Trankov
The main goal of the joint work was the Olympics in Sochi, where Volosozhar - Trankov eventually became two-time Olympic champions
From 2012 to the present, Vitaliy Moskalenko has been working as a general physical training trainer in the Nina Moser group
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From:
https://matchtv.ru/figure-skating/m...shoje_intervju_trenera_po_OFP_iz_gruppy_Mozer