As to the differences between the Russian and US programs certainly the level of funding plays a role but I think that there are other difference that play a role too. My coach is Russian and said that students there take a lot more group lessons when they are younger and start to compete with each other at a pretty early age. They get used to competition at a much earlier age than in the US. Additionally, the testing standards in the US are not very difficult when you compare them to the competition standards. To pass the Senior freeskate test the most difficult jump required is a double lutz. I think that the federation is trying to make some changes, I think they recently changed a rule to lesson the penalty for a fall or under rotation on a triple at some of the lower levels to encourage skaters to put harder jumps in their programs. Still, they need to figure something out.
On a totally off topic note, I love how Frank smiles around Carly when he usually looks so serious. She also posted a selfie with him where he is smiling. She seemed really happy on Her social media to be in the top 15. I love seeing skaters like her for whom nationals was a huge goal really enjoy the experience.