There is something unfair, they're allowed in the FS, so why not the SP?
As already mentioned earlier in this thread, there are MANY elements that are allowed in the FS and not in the short program.
That's why the free program is called the free program (even though it's not all that free any more either and there are also skills that aren't allowed there either), and why the short program has REQUIRED ELEMENTS.
Historically, there were times when 20+ skaters were capable of doing 5 or 6 different triples in their freeskates and were only allowed to do ONE triple in the short program.
Currently there are several men who can do 3, 4, or 5 different quads but they're only allowed to do TWO quads in the SP.
This is silly
Why cap a competitive sport?
There is more to the sport of Figure SKATING than rotating in the air.
One reason for capping the amount of in-air rotation that skaters are allowed is to make sure that jump rotation alone is not the only skill that determines results of SKATING competitions.
The total number of jumps in both programs is also capped, for similar reasons. So are the number of times skaters are allowed to repeat the same jump -- because officials do not want skaters to build up points by doing the same skill over and over again. They want to see a variety of jumping skills as well as a variety of non-jump skills that also contribute to the overall results.
Also, remember,
the current rules were not written to hold down skaters who are doing advanced content in 2019. They were written to reflect what the average skaters and what the most advanced skaters were doing as of 2010 (the time of the most recent SP rule changes).
Until now there was no reason to change those rules, not even in summer 2018 which was the last time rule changes of that nature could have been made.
Now there is reason, because more and more ladies are attempting more difficult jump content than they were 2 years ago.
Undoubtedly there will be rule changes at the next ISU Congress.
It's hardly "unfair" that the 2010 or 2018 Congresses did not predict the future.
Also, if you're so worried about not allowing (or not rewarding) skills that only a few skaters could do, why not allow level 5 spins, and 5 different spins in the freeskate if any skaters have mastered enough spin features that they could earn top levels in 5 different spins?
Some skaters could do step sequences all on 1 foot that fill the whole ice and that include all the step sequence features except for variety of steps. Why not reward that?
Some skaters could do double walleys and double inside axels? Why not give points for those? If you gave even more points for triples from those takeoffs, a few skaters would probably master them.
Some skaters could do triple jumps in both directions. Why not reward that?
Some skaters could do true jump combinations with 4 or 5 or more triples in a row. Why not allow those?
Some could do jump sequences with difficult edge changes or turns but no steps (no putting the other foot down) between the two jumps. Why not allow/reward that skill?
Some skaters could fill the ice by doing spirals on three different edges of the same foot without putting the other foot down. Why not reward that?
Some skaters could skate two perfect circles on one foot with difficult turns then do it again on the other foot right on top of the first circles, and then do it twice more on each foot, with barely millimeters between the circles. Why not reward that?
Some could draw much more complex patterns than circles and could trace those almost perfectly.
Some skaters can do backflips and other gymnastic moves on the ice. Why are those not allowed?
There is a lot more to figure skating than turning 4 times in the air. Some things that skaters can do on the ice earn lots of points, others are allowed by not well rewarded, others are not allowed at all.
Rules for free programs are supposed to allow pushing the envelope, although there are certain directions the ISU doesn't want to see the sport headed.
Rules for short programs are supposed to require skaters to demonstrate specific skills.
As long as the purposes of the programs are different, the rules will be different.